General on the situation in Somalia for the
information of the members of the Security Council.
This report will be issued as a document of the
Security Council under the symbol S/2020/398.
13 May 2020
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Report of the Secretary-General on the Situation in Somalia
(Covering 5 February – 4 May 2020)
I. Introduction
1. The present report is submitted pursuant to paragraph 22 of Security
Council resolution 2461 (2019) and paragraph 33 of resolution 2472 (2019)
and provides updates on the implementation of those resolutions, including on
the mandates of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia (UNSOM)
and the United Nations Support Office in Somalia (UNSOS). The report
covers major developments in Somalia from 5 February to 4 May 2020 and
specific measures related to UNSOS during the period 1 November 2019 to
30 April 2020.
II. Political, Security, and Economic Overview
a. Political developments
2. On 20 February, President Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed “Farmajo”
signed the Electoral Bill into law, following its passage in Parliament a day
earlier. In the federal member states, there were steps towards reconciliation
among some stakeholders in Galmudug, the new members of the state
assembly in South-West State took office, and Puntland held a consultative
conference of political stakeholders. However, relations between the Federal
Government and some federal member states remained strained. The
deployment of Somali National Army (SNA) forces to Jubbaland’s Gedo
region resulted in clashes, with wider regional implications, and opposition
parties in Mogadishu continued to express concern about limited political
space. A decision-making forum of leaders of the Federal Government and the
federal member states has not been convened since June 2018.
3. On 19 February, the House of the People approved bills concerning
civil aviation, quality control, the national census, the media, and armed
forces’ retirement and benefits, respectively, and submitted them to the Upper
House for review and approval. President Farmajo commended the
cooperation between the two houses of Parliament, which enabled the passage
of 20 bills during the parliamentary session.
4. On 5 March, in Istanbul, opposition politicians comprising the Forum
for National Parties stated their intention to form a single political alliance
ahead of national elections, urging like-minded opposition parties to join them.
5. On 16 March, Somalia confirmed its first case of coronavirus. The
authorities announced a two-week ban on all international flights from 18
March, which was subsequently extended indefinitely.
6. On 15 April, the Speakers of both houses of Parliament announced
their decision to postpone the start of the next parliamentary session, originally
scheduled for 10 April, due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the advice issued
by the Ministry of Health, until alternative virtual arrangements are in place.
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7. In South-West State, the selection of new state assembly members
concluded on 19 March. The members were sworn in on 23 March. On 1 April,
Ali Said Fiqi, Mohamednur Mohamed Moallim and Shamso Mohamed Yarow
were elected Speaker and First and Second Deputy Speakers, respectively. On
20 April, the state assembly voted in favour of a motion to give state President
Abdiaziz Hassan Mohamed “Laftagareen” a one-year extension, aligning the
terms of office of the state President and the state assembly.
8. On 8 February, 2 March and 22 April, armed clashes erupted in Belet
Hawo, Gedo region, near the Somali-Kenyan border, between the SNA and
militia loyal to Jubbaland Minister of Security, Abdirashid Hassan Abdinur
“Janan”. The clashes heightened tensions between Somalia and Kenya.
President Farmajo and President Uhuru Kenyatta of Kenya took steps to deescalate tensions, including through a telephone conversation on 5 March,
followed by high-level ministerial visits to each other’s capitals. On 23 April,
in Nairobi, Jubbaland President Ahmed Mohamed Islam “Madobe” and his
political opponents of the Jubbaland Council for Change reached an agreement
to recognize Madobe’s contested August 2019 election and form a coalition
government.
9. Heavy fighting erupted between Ahlu Sunna Wal Jama’a (ASWJ), the
SNA and the special “Haramcad” police in the Dhuusamarreeb area,
Galmudug, on 27 and 28 February, which resulted in dozens of casualties. On
29 February, ASWJ leadership surrendered to the Federal Government.
Following his election on 2 February, Galmudug president-elect Ahmed Abdi
Kaariye continued outreach to outgoing state president Ahmed Duale Gelle
“Haaf” and the political opposition, which culminated in a peaceful handover
of power on 12 April, albeit in the absence of ASWJ leadership.
10. On 24 March, the Hirshabelle state assembly approved a budget of $14
million for 2020 with the possibility of a supplemental budget in view of the
COVID-19 pandemic..
11. On 6 February, Puntland ordered the closure of the National
Independent Electoral Commission (NIEC) office in Garoowe and suspended
its activities in the state. From 15 to 17 March, Puntland President Said
Abdullahi Mohamed Deni hosted a consultative conference in Garoowe to
discuss the state’s trajectory. A Federal Government delegation led by Foreign
Minister Ahmed Isse Awad also attended. The conference communiqué called
for the postponement of the constitutional review process until after elections
and criticized the new Electoral Law, stating, inter alia, that it contradicted the
Provisional Federal Constitution. The communiqué also called for a
consultative conference of all Somali political stakeholders to deliberate and
agree on ways to hold the 2020/2021 elections. At the conclusion of the
conference, President Deni announced his intent to travel to Mogadishu and
federal member state capitals to advance dialogue.
12. On 29 February, in the Sool and Sanaag regions disputed between
“Somaliland” and Puntland, intermittent skirmishes resumed between forces
loyal to the two sides in breach of the 2018 de facto ceasefire brokered by the
United Nations and the Intergovernmental Authority on Development.
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13. On 27 February, “Somaliland” President Muse Bihi Abdi and
opposition party leaders signed an agreement on organizing parliamentary and
local council elections by the end of 2020.
14. On 11 February, President Farmajo and President Bihi met in Addis
Ababa for the first time since each assumed office in 2017. Prime Minister
Abiy Ahmed of Ethiopia brokered the meeting. On 13 February, President
Farmajo asked for the forgiveness of the people of “Northern Somalia”,
expressing regret for human rights violations committed by the Siad Barre
regime. President Bihi accepted the gesture on 18 February during his annual
address to the “Somaliland” Parliament.
b. Security developments
15. The security situation remained volatile, with 235 incidents in January,
274 in February, 278 in March and 299 in April. This was mainly due to higher
numbers of terrorism-related incidents, such as mortar attacks, improvised
explosive device (IED) attacks and assassinations. Levels of crime and armed
conflict-related incidents have remained steady since January.
16. Al-Shabaab significantly increased its mortar attacks in Mogadishu.
Mogadishu’s Aden Adde International Airport (AAIA) zone in which the
United Nations compound is located was attacked with 60 mm mortars on 17
February, 1 March, 18 March, 19 April and 26 April, the highest number of
indirect fire attacks on AAIA ever recorded. None of the mortars that landed
in the 17 February attack detonated. The 1 March attack resulted in an
international contractor being injured. The 18 March attack resulted in slight
injuries to one international staff. The 19 April attack resulted in minor injuries
to an international contractor. The 26 April attack resulted in five civilians
being injured and one killed in the vicinity of AAIA, where one of the mortars
landed. In a separate incident on the same day, an improvised device detonated
near one of the AAIA gates, without casualties.
17. Mortar attacks also increased countrywide, with a total of 29 attacks
between February and April, compared to seven attacks between November
and January. These attacks mainly targeted the African Union Mission in
Somalia (AMISOM) and local security forces in Bari, Hiraan, Middle and
Lower Shabelle and Lower Juba. On 11 March, mortars targeting a police
training centre in Jowhar, Middle Shabelle, landed in proximity of the runway
and the United Nations/AMISOM base, but causing no casualties or damage.
18. In addition to mortar attacks, Al-Shabaab maintained the capability to
conduct larger attacks against security forces in southern Somalia. On 19
February, in Lower Shabelle, the group launched two complex attacks with
vehicle-borne IEDs against AMISOM and SNA bases in Qorioley and Ceel
Saliini, Marka district. The latter reportedly resulted in over 20 SNA
casualties. On 16 March, the SNA and AMISOM liberated the town of Janaale.
In response, Al-Shabaab increased its attacks in the area, including with
indirect fire and a suicide vehicle-borne IED against AMISOM troops on 16
March, reportedly resulting in at least five soldiers killed. The group detonated
two additional suicide vehicle-borne IEDs on 24 April in a foiled attack on the
AMISOM/SNA base in Barawe, Lower Shabelle, in which the two suicide
bombers were killed.
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19. While a general decrease was observed in civilian casualties from AlShabaab activity, the group increased high-profile attacks. In March, the
governor of Nugal region was killed by a person-borne IED in Garoowe, while
the Chief of the Somali Defence Forces was targeted by an IED in Lower
Shabelle, resulting in two SNA soldiers injured. A second person-borne IED
targeted a restaurant in Mogadishu on 25 March, resulting in four people
killed. Al-Shabaab also used IEDs to destroy closed-circuit television cameras
in Mogadishu for the second time this year, thereby reducing the capabilities
of the Somali authorities to prevent attacks.
20. An increase in Al-Shabaab assassinations was also recorded, with 7 in
January, 16 in February, 21 in March and 16 in April. Six assassinations were
attributed to pro-Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) elements in
Mogadishu and Bossaso, Bari region, representing a slight increase compared
to the previous period, when only three incidents were recorded. A total of
nine airstrikes in February, 11 in March and 10 in April were recorded, mainly
in Middle Juba, Lower Juba, Bakool and Bay, targeting Al-Shabaab. In the
first four months of 2020, there were a total of 37 airstrikes, compared to 47
in all of 2018 and 63 in all of 2019.
21. On 4 May, a Kenya-registered African Express Airways aircraft ,
chartered by the non-governmental organization Intersos to carry
humanitarian cargo, crashed on approach to Bardale, South-West State,
reportedly killing all six persons on board. The cause of the crash has yet to be
identified .
c. Economic developments
22. On 25 March, Somalia reached the decision point under the World
Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF) Highly Indebted Poor Countries
Initiative (HIPC). Somalia’s arrears to the World Bank and the African
Development Bank were cleared on 5 March through bridge loans from
Norway, United Kingdom and the European Union. IMF secured funding from
over 100 member countries to clear Somalia’s arrears to the Fund.
23. On 6 March, the World Bank and IMF issued a Joint Staff Advisory
Note on the 9th National Development Plan 2020-24, noting that the plan
exceeded the standards of a typical interim poverty reduction strategy. The
National Development Plan identifies key drivers of poverty and provides a
roadmap for strengthening national resilience, building on the Recovery and
Resilience Framework.
24. The outbreak of COVID-19 has already had a significant economic
impact. The Federal Government has projected an 11 per cent decline in
nominal GDP for 2020, with inward transfers and remittances expected to fall
by an estimated 40 percent. Revenue collection has dropped. On 27 March,
the Federal Government issued a Socio-economic Impact and Required
Response plan costed at $503.5 million, describing key macroeconomic,
sectorial, fiscal and health sector considerations that require additional and
rapid support to mitigate the impact of COVID-19.
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25. The United Nations and the World Bank are coordinating their
respective reviews of existing programming as they plan their responses to
COVID-19 across the humanitarian-development-peace nexus. The plans
focus on accelerating or scaling up existing programmes to mitigate the socioeconomic impact of COVID-19, while adapting and adjusting other
programming to changing market realities.
III. Support for peacebuilding and state-building efforts
A. Establishment of a functional federal state
a. Preparations for elections
26. The Electoral Law proposes a new first-past-the-post electoral system
with 275 constituencies in the House of the People and 54 Upper House seats.
However, several key issues require clarification for the law to be
implementable, including definition of constituencies, allocation of seats and
ensuring women’s representation. On 28 February, the Speakers of both
houses of Parliament established a 17-member joint ad hoc committee to
formulate recommendations to address key issues of the Law, in consultation
with the NIEC, the federal member states and other stakeholders. The
committee is scheduled to present its recommendations to a joint
parliamentary session, but timelines for the completion of its work are now
unclear due to the COVID-19 pandemic. UNDP in collaboration with
UNSOM and the World Bank will provide video teleconferencing facilities
for Parliament to continue its work on elections and the constitutional review.
UNDP and UNSOM also supported the drafting of amendments to
parliamentary rules and procedures to allow for virtual proceedings and
voting.
27. The first reading of the Amendment to the Political Parties Law was
deferred to the next parliamentary session. The delay in Parliament’s
resumption will adversely impact deadlines for political parties to receive
official registration and nominate candidates.
28. In a meeting from 15 to 18 March, the National Electoral Security Task
Force adopted its terms of reference and reviewed the draft Concept of
Security for Voter Registration. Attending police commissioners provided an
update on threat assessments for Galmudug, Hirshabelle, South-West State
and Banaadir. They further agreed to conduct detailed assessments of
provisional voter registration sites and to establish state security task forces.
b. Deepening federalism
29. The protracted political stalemate between the Federal Government
and some federal member states continued to hamper progress on critical
national priorities. While technical cooperation between federal and state
ministries continues, a new round of ministerial consultations on debt relief
was postponed due to withdrawal by Puntland and Jubbaland.
30. The United Nations continued to support international efforts aimed at
facilitating the resumption of political dialogue between the Federal
Government and federal member states. My Special Representative, in
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coordination with international partners, met on several occasions with
President Farmajo and Prime Minister Khaire to urge them to repair the frayed
relationship in order to advance national priorities. My Special Representative
conveyed similar messages to the federal member states, including during
meetings held with the leaders of South-West State and Puntland on 8 and 9
March respectively, and through telephone calls with other federal member
state leaders. President Farmajo has designated a focal point for Federal
Government-federal member state relations, and invited federal member state
leaders to appoint representatives to a secretariat that will prepare for a summit
in the next two months.
c. Constitutional review
31. On 6 February, the Joint Parliamentary Oversight Committee
submitted to the Speakers of the two houses of Parliament its report on the
tripartite working session held on 5 November in Istanbul as well as a revised
draft Constitution.
32. Further to the commitment of the Federal Government in the Mutual
Accountability Framework to conclude the constitutional review consultations
by the end of March 2020, the Ministry of Constitutional Affairs, the Joint
Parliamentary Oversight Committee and the Independent Constitutional
Review and Implementation Commission, launched multi-stakeholder
consultations on 1 March in Hirshabelle, Galmudug and South-West State.
Unresolved differences between the Federal Government and Puntland and
Jubbaland meant that consultations were not held in those two states. The
political impasse, the inability of Parliament to resume in April and COVID19-related movement restrictions make it unlikely that a revised Constitution
will be adopted by June 2020, as specified in the Mutual Accountability
Framework.
d. Prevention and resolution of conflicts
33. On 7 March, the Hirshabelle administration stated that the land dispute
between the Abadalla Aroni and Eli Omar clans in Adale district, Middle
Shabelle region, had been resolved, with the parties agreeing to, inter alia, pay
compensation to some of the victims. On 10 March, the Ba’ide and Sa’ad
Yonis sub-clans, long-term antagonists in Eil-Afwayn, Sanaag region, began
an exchange of compensation for the victims of the conflict, following an
agreement brokered by traditional and religious leaders under the auspices of
“Somaliland”.
34. Following the eruption of armed clashes near the Somali-Kenyan
border in Gedo region between SNA and militia loyal to the Jubbaland
Minister of Security, my Special Representative, together with international
partners, engaged the Federal Government and Jubbaland authorities to stop
the violence and de-escalate tensions. On 8 March, the United Nations and 10
international partners issued a joint statement that called on all actors to
exercise restraint, reduce the presence of security forces in Gedo and avoid
any actions that could trigger violence. The statement also urged dialogue
between the Federal Government and Jubbaland and underscored the
importance of cooperation between the Federal Government and the federal
member states to achieve national priorities.
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35. On 11 April, elders from the Majerteen and Awramale clans agreed to
a ceasefire following intermittent clashes over disputed land, south-west of
Kismaayo. The clashes claimed over 50 lives between 2 February and 2 April.
Meanwhile, in early April, following a clan conflict that resulted in over 25
fatalities in Walnaweyn, Lower Shabelle, South-West State President
Laftagareen constituted an intervention committee to de-escalate the conflict.
On 24 April, a reconciliation conference involving the clans, the regional
administration and the SNA began in the affected district. Additionally, on 6
April, an inter-clan conflict erupted between Wagarda’a of Marehan and
Saleban of Habar Gedir in Bali-Aad and Foronta-Fora villages, Galgaduud.
Security forces deployed on 7 April to stop the fighting and Galmudug
authorities initiated reconciliation efforts.
B. Cross-cutting issues
a. Gender equality and women’s empowerment
36. The new South-West State assembly comprises 14 female (15 per cent)
and 81 male state assembly members. This is a significant decrease in
women’s representation, compared to the 22 per cent female members in the
previous assembly, and short of the minimum constitutional requirement of 20
per cent female representation.
37. International Women’s Day on 8 March was observed in Mogadishu
and federal member states as a platform to increase awareness on gender
equality and women’s rights. UNSOM provided financial and technical
support to all federal member states and “Somaliland”, contributing to
discussions on laws protecting women’s rights as well as to advocacy on the
30 per cent quota for women and their enhanced leadership role in politics.
38. On 7 March in Garoowe, the Ministry of Women Development and
Family Affairs organized a panel discussion on ways and strategies to include
a 30 per cent quota for women in the Puntland Local Council Elections Law.
On 11 March, UNSOM trained 39 women in Kismaayo on gendermainstreaming and conflict-related sexual violence as part of a three-day
training workshop jointly organized by AMISOM and the Jubbaland Ministry
of Women, Family Affairs and Human Rights.
b. Youth empowerment
39. On 18 February, “Somaliland” President Bihi established the
“Somaliland” Youth Development Fund to help encourage creativity,
innovation and entrepreneurship among youth.
40. Youth programmes implemented during the reporting period
addressed connections between employment, youth marginalization and
inclusion, particularly political empowerment of youth and their inclusion in
governance mechanisms. The joint programme on youth political
empowerment implemented in partnership between the Ministry of Youth and
Sports, UN-HABITAT and the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) in
South-West State and Jubbaland targeted the development of inclusive
processes that support and collectively empower youth in Somalia’s
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development trajectory, including by establishing district youth councils and
providing capacity-building workshops for young people.
41. In February, with the support of UNFPA, 40 and 25 midwives
graduated from the Hargeysa Health Institute and the Mogadishu Midwifery
Institute, respectively, after two years of intensive competency-based training.
42. UNFPA renewed efforts to eradicate female genital mutilation in
Somalia by engaging young men and women through forums and community
dialogue. On 6 February, UNFPA supported youth-led public fora in Garoowe
and Hargeysa in commemoration of the International Day of Zero Tolerance
for Female Genital Mutilation. A total of 1,000 government officials, women
activists, youth and internally displaced persons (IDPs) participated in the
events.
C. Development coordination
43. The COVID-19 pandemic contributed to further delays of various
development coordination processes and the postponement of key milestones
expected in March, such as the endorsement and operationalization of a
refined aid architecture aligned to government roadmaps and the National
Development Plan. The refined aid architecture proposes improvements to the
triple nexus; however, different visions within the Federal Government on the
aid architecture continue to hinder progress on aid and development policy
cooperation. The United Nations, development partners, donors and the
Federal Government are discussing alternative measures to facilitate
development coordination, including virtual means.
IV. Human rights and protection
a. Human rights
44. UNSOM recorded 277 civilian casualties during the reporting period,
including 158 killed and 119 injured compared to the 183 civilians killed and
267 injured during the previous reporting period. Clan militias were the main
perpetrators responsible for 28 per cent of civilian casualties (78), followed by
Al-Shabaab with 27 per cent of the casualties (75). Other perpetrators include:
State security forces with 23 per cent (64 casualties), unknown perpetrators
with 16 per cent (43 casualties) (including 11 casualties from fighting in
Dhuusamarreeb, Galgaduud region, between federal security forces and
ASWJ), unidentified foreign forces conducting aerial attacks, which
accounted for 3 per cent (9 casualties) as well as AMISOM with 3 per cent (8
casualties).
45. On 18 February, Al-Shabaab carried out its first targeted assassination
in 2020 by shooting a former electoral delegate in Bur-Hakaba town, Bay
region. The delegate had participated in the 2016/2017 electoral process in
South-West State.
46. Violations of the freedom of expression remain a concern, and attacks
against journalists continue. During the reporting period, six journalists were
arrested in Mogadishu, five in Puntland, two in South-West State and one in
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Jubbaland. Of these, one journalist was charged with publishing false
information, another was arrested for canvassing public opinion about
COVID-19 Additionally, on 15 February, one journalist was shot and killed
by unidentified armed men in Afgoye district, Lower Shabelle, and another
was stabbed to death on 4 May in Mogadishu.
47. A total of 89 individuals were arbitrarily arrested/detained, of which
49 were subsequently released without charge or being brought before a court
as required by the Criminal Procedure Code. Most of those arrested/detained
were suspected of being Al-Shabaab members (55).
48. Two civilian males were executed in Bossaso, Bari region, after being
sentenced to death for raping and killing a 12-year-old girl in Galkayo, Mudug
region on 11 February. Five members of the Somali security forces (police and
military) were sentenced to death by military courts in Mogadishu, SouthWest State, Jubbaland and “Somaliland”. One suspected pro-ISIL affiliate was
sentenced to death by the Mogadishu Military Court after being found guilty
of killing a police officer.
49. In line with United Nations guidance on protecting human rights
during the COVID-19 pandemic, UNSOM provided technical assistance to
government authorities to support the mitigation of the effects of the pandemic
on human rights, including the rights of persons in detention. To ease
overcrowding in prisons, Somali authorities pardoned 936 inmates in April,
including 574 in “Somaliland”, 194 in Puntland, 148 in Mogadishu, 11 in
South-West State and nine in Hirshabelle.
50. In response to concerns relating to the protection of civilians in the
stand-off in Gedo, my Deputy Special Representative, in his capacity as
Humanitarian Coordinator, called on all parties to take all precautionary
measures to minimize harm to civilians and safeguard their movement out of
conflict areas so that they may have unobstructed access to humanitarian
protection and assistance.
b. Compliance with the Human Rights and Due Diligence Policy
51. UNSOM provided support to the implementation of the Human Rights
Due Diligence Policy (HRDDP) by providing technical assistance to the
United Nations Mine Action Service (UNMAS) on the implementation of
mitigation measures for the Somali Police Force (SPF) and by supporting the
development of a human rights training session for police officers supported
by UNMAS. UNSOM also assessed the HRDDP implications of United
Nations support to non-United Nations security forces in Gedo, focusing on
the SPF and recommended measures to prevent violations. In accordance with
established coordination mechanisms, two alleged incidents of human rights
and international humanitarian law violations by AMISOM, involving ten
civilians, were communicated to AMISOM. UNSOM also met with relatives
of the victims of some incidents, in which AMISOM was implicated, to
discuss the outcome of a related Board of Inquiry and the status of the exgratia payment process. AMISOM agreed to update the affected communities
and finalize the report. The Ministry of Defence is currently investigating
allegations that SNA troops raped a 30-year old woman and a 13-year old child
while conducting operations in Janaale, Lower Shabelle.
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c. Children in armed conflict
52. The country task force on monitoring and reporting on grave violations
against children in armed conflict reported 826 grave violations affecting 750
children (600 boys and 150 girls), 11 attacks on schools, two attacks on
hospitals, one military occupation of a school and nine cases of denial of
humanitarian assistance. A total of 258 children were victims of recruitment
and use, 241 children were abducted, 226 were victims of killing and maiming
and 79 were victims of sexual violence.
53. The violations were attributed to Al-Shabaab (526, or 63.7 per cent),
unknown armed elements and militias (143, or 17.3 per cent), federal and state
armed forces (104, or 12.6 per cent), clan militia (48, or 5.8 per cent),
AMISOM (four, or 0.5 per cent) and Westland militia (one, or 0.1 per cent).
Sixteen incidents of deprivation of liberty affecting 37 boys were attributed to
Somali security forces. A total of 1,283 children (699 boys, 314 girls) were
separated from armed forces and armed groups and handed over to partners of
the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) for rehabilitation and eventual
reintegration.
54. On 12 February, during the commemoration of the International Day
Against the Use of Child Soldiers, the Federal Government reiterated its
commitment to screening its soldiers and forces being integrated into the SNA
to identify and separate any children. On 1 March, UNSOM negotiated the
release and transfer of nine children, allegedly associated with Al-Shabaab,
from Huduur to Baidoa for rehabilitation and eventual reintegration.
d. Prevention of sexual and gender-based violence
55. The sexual offences bill remains with the Cabinet for further
discussions. Meanwhile, UNSOM and the Ministry of Women and Human
Rights Development continued preparations for the new National Action Plan
on Ending Sexual Violence in Conflict. On 5 March, it was agreed to hold
consultative meetings with the Somali security and justice sectors and at the
state level.
56. UNSOM continued to provide capacity building and training for
prosecutors in the Attorney General’s Office on a survivor-centred approach
and on investigations of sexual crimes. The Attorney General’s Office recently
established a task force to ensure access to justice and defined pathways for
victims/survivors to work with police and service providers. On 10 March, the
Attorney General’s Office also released the annual report of the task force,
which shows progress on enabling victims and survivors to access the formal
justice system, notably through the support of female prosecutors.
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V.
57. In February, UNFPA supported the training of 210 health and social
workers from both the public sector and nongovernmental organizations
(NGOs) to improve access of survivors to timely and confidential GBV
services. In March, UNFPA supported capacity enhancement of 27 national
data gathering organizations to improve and harmonize data reporting for the
Monitoring Analysis Reporting Arrangement for conflict-related violence and
the Gender-Based Violence-Information Management System (GBV-IMS).
58. In total, from January to April, 56 incidents affecting 62
victims/survivors of conflict-related sexual violence were documented. All the
affected were women and girls (56 minors and eight adults). On 12 March,
UNSOM followed up with authorities regarding the incident of a pregnant
woman reportedly raped on 29 January in Baidoa. The woman had received
no medical treatment after the incident and gave birth five days after. A police
officer was found guilty of the crime and sentenced to death by the Baidoa
First Instance Military Court on 19 February. The family of the survivor
rejected the intervention of traditional elders and insisted upon the execution
of the court’s decision.
Humanitarian situation
59. Despite some improvement in food security, the humanitarian crisis in
Somalia remains worrying. The COVID-19 pandemic presents specific risks
to Somalia given the limited healthcare facilities, the potential disruption in
aid delivery and the reliance of many Somalis on diminishing remittances from
the diaspora. Heightened risk of sexual and gender-based violence is also a
concern against the backdrop of the pandemic.
60. Somalia recorded 722 COVID-19 cases as of 4 May. To support
government efforts, United Nations agencies and partners launched the
Somalia COVID-19 Country Preparedness and Response Plan (CPRP) on 23
April seeking $689 million to bolster preparedness and response to the direct
public health and indirect immediate humanitarian and socio-economic
consequences of COVID-19. The plan focuses on the triple nexus and is
aligned with the Comprehensive Socio-Economic Impact and Response Plan
for COVID-19 of the Federal Government, launched on 27 March.
61. In February and March, there was a significant increase in
displacement in Jubbaland, where an estimated 56,000 people were displaced
by conflict in Gedo region, adding to the 207,000 people already displaced in
the region. Overall, at least 2.6 million people remain displaced by ongoing
conflict and recurring climatic shocks. Many of the internally displaced live in
over 2,000 highly congested settlements, often at risk of eviction. So far this
year, more than 48,000 persons have been evicted from their homes. Evictions
are among the most prevalent protection threats, now compounded by
COVID-19. On 13 April, my Deputy Special Representative, in his capacity
as Humanitarian Coordinator, called for a moratorium on evictions for a threemonth period.
62. Levels of food insecurity and malnutrition remained high in many
areas despite the favourable 2019 Deyr rains (October to December). Food
security is at further risk by the desert locust infestation in the Horn of Africa,
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the worst such outbreak in over 25 years. On 2 February, the Federal
Government declared a national emergency over the locust upsurge, and on 27
February issued the Desert Locust Crisis – Somalia Action Plan in conjunction
with the Food and Agriculture Organization. The plan requires $57 million to
implement activities through December, of which $24.7 million had been
funded as of 4 May.
63. The Gu rains (April to June) started with moderate to heavy showers
in some regions, prompting many farmers to begin cultivation. The rains
should boost crop production and replenish pasture and water sources. The
rains have, however, already caused flash flooding in several regions. In
Puntland, a heavy downpour on 27 April left eight people dead and displaced
more than 22,000 others from their homes in Oardho town, Bari region. The
rains will also elevate the risk of water-borne diseases and create conducive
conditions for locust breeding. Since January, at least 2,789 cases of acute
watery diarrhoea and cholera have been reported in Somalia, mostly in Hiraan,
Banaadir, Bay and Lower Shabelle, compared to 1,295 cases over the same
period in 2019. The numbers are expected to rise as the rains intensify. The
triple shock of floods, desert locusts and COVID-19 is likely to exacerbate an
already vulnerable situation for the 5.2 million people in need.
64. Security continues to be a major constraint to humanitarian operations.
From 1 January to 4 May, 54 incidents against humanitarian operations were
recorded in which two humanitarians were killed, six injured, six abducted and
three detained or temporarily arrested. One third of the country is considered
by humanitarians as hard-to-reach, including 23 districts where around 1.3
million people in need reside. In February, aid agencies reached 845,000
people with humanitarian assistance. To build on this response, humanitarian
agencies need prompt, adequate funding. As of 4 May, the 2020 Humanitarian
Response Plan was only 18 per cent funded ($186.6 million out of $1.05
billion requested).
65. On 6 March, Somalia officially deposited the Instruments of
Ratification of the African Union Convention for the Protection of IDPs in
Africa to the regional body.
VI. Comprehensive Approach to Security
a. Operations
66. Transition operations in Lower Shabelle resumed on 16 March with
the seizure of Janaale by SNA and AMISOM troops. Disruption operations
continue elsewhere in the region but planning for Phase II of Operation
Badbaado (securing the roads from Mogadishu to Baidoa and Beletweyne) has
not yet begun. During the reporting period, international partners supported
the generation of two new SNA battalions, with a further two regenerated by
the SNA from existing troops.
67. Following the liberation of Janaale, an interim administration
appointed by South-West State deployed to the town and commenced
community outreach and initial stabilization activities identified together with
the Ministry of the Interior, Federal Affairs and Reconciliation, the South-
13
West State, the Inter-Ministerial Taskforce and stabilization partners. To date,
mobile clinics and food distribution have been provided to approximately
2,000 vulnerable people with cash for work projects starting that are focused
on brush clearance along roads into and within Janaale as well as small canal
repairs.
b. Institutional capacity building
68. On 27 February, the federal Cabinet endorsed the Federal Police Act.
While 300 Federal Darwish finalized training by mid-February, their
deployment to Lower Shabelle hinges on the provision of weapons and
equipment. In Jowhar, 198 recruits finalized basic training, bringing the total
number of State Police to 579. Puntland’s integration of state security forces
into the State Police continued. Following the development of an Asset
Management Policy, with support from the United Nations Police, AMISOM
Police, UNOPS and UNDP, the Joint Police Programme approved $218,000
on 4 March for its implementation.
69. From 10 to 11 February in Mogadishu, as part of the constitutional
review process and with United Nations advisory support, the Ministry of
Constitutional Affairs led a consultation session with relevant federal line
ministries on the Justice and Corrections Model. Discussions resulted in
proposals for the composition of the Judicial Services Commission and the
jurisdiction of the Supreme and Constitutional Courts, which will be consulted
with federal member states.
70. On 5 March in Mogadishu, the Minister of Justice, representatives
from federal member states, international partners and the United Nations
discussed justice and corrections priorities in 2020. Conclusions included the
need for continued support to the constitutional review, reaching a political
agreement on a Justice and Corrections Model, and support for the expansion
of justice into newly liberated areas.
71. During the reporting period, UNSOM provided training on prison
management and human rights to 88 Custodial Corps staff (70 males, 18
females) in Puntland, Beledweyne, and Kismaayo. As a mitigating measure to
the spread of COVID-19, justice authorities inter alia suspended prison visits,
new prison admissions, court proceedings (except priority criminal cases, to
be adjudicated online) and execution of judgments.
72. On 20 February, Somalia acceded to the conventions concerning the
prevention of pollution from ships and the safety of life at sea. On 12 March,
eight federal ministries and respective state ministries agreed on an action
plan for women in the maritime sector that will allow Somali women to play
a prominent role in the country’s blue economy.
73. On 18 March, the Office of the Defectors Rehabilitation Programme,
under the Ministry of Internal Security, issued new operational protocols on
handling voluntary defections from Al-Shabaab. The protocols aim at
mitigating risks associated with COVID-19 and avoiding interruption of
activities. In collaboration with UNSOM, AMISOM and partners, the Ministry
14
is revising standard operating procedures on the reception and screening of
former Al-Shabaab members.
c. Supporting activities
74. On 3 March, the Dinsoor District Council was inaugurated. The
process was facilitated by the Ministry of the Interior, Federal Affairs and
Reconciliation and South-West State and supported by a United Nations
Peacebuilding Fund (PBF) project. The Council stands out due to significant
youth representation, as well as the selection of ten women for 21 seats.
75. On 11 March, the Preventing and Countering Violent Extremism
Coordination (P/CVE) Unit in the Office of the Prime Minister organized a
meeting with the Deputy Minister of Religious Affairs, the Director of the
National Disengagement and Rehabilitation Programme and the Ministry of
Justice to clarify their respective P/CVE mandates and future collaboration.
76. From 13-15 April, the Religious Affairs, Health and Communication
ministries conducted a three-day joint COVID-19 awareness campaign in
Mogadishu’s 17 districts with the P/CVE network of religious scholars,
coordinated by the P/CVE Unit and with UNDP technical and financial
support.
77. UNSOM and the International Organization for Migration (IOM)
continued to support the Federal Government’s National Programme for the
Treatment and Handling of Disengaged Combatants. In April, over 230 former
Al-Shabaab members received transitional rehabilitation support through
centres located in Baidoa, Kismaayo and Mogadishu, while 50 graduated from
the programme. Following the conclusion of the PBF pilot project targeting
women formerly associated with Al-Shabaab, two new female rehabilitation
centres have been built in Baidoa and Kismaayo. The Baidoa centre is
providing gender sensitive rehabilitation support to 30 former female AlShabaab members and their dependents. An additional 30 women in Kismaayo
are yet to receive support due to operational constraints linked to COVID-19.
VII. UNSOS support to AMISOM and Somalia National Army
a. Support to AMISOM operations
78. On 5 March, AMISOM completed the reduction in its troop ceiling by
1,000 troops as provided for in resolution 2472 (2019). UNSOS is currently
providing logistics support to 19,626 AMISOM uniformed personnel.
79. UNSOS continued to support AMISOM internal troop rotations and
resupplies to most forward operating bases in all the sectors by air due to
impassable and insecure main supply routes. As a result, UNSOS conducted
over 1,000 flying hours per month within Somalia, of which approximately
530 hours on average were dedicated to transporting life support for
AMISOM. UNSOS also increased borehole drilling across all the sectors to
reduce over-reliance on transporting potable water.
15
80. The planned road convoy to transport contingent-owned equipment for
the incoming Ghana Formed Police Unit from Mogadishu to Baidoa remains
under consideration. Due to the bulky nature of some of the equipment and the
poor status of the runway in Baidoa, UNSOS was unable to airlift all of it to
Baidoa and therefore requested AMISOM to escort the road convoy from
Mogadishu. The equipment, consisting of several sea containers and vehicles,
arrived in Mogadishu in September and continues to attract high demurrage
charges and monthly reimbursement costs to Ghana for the unutilized
equipment. The African Union has advised that a new plan for this convoy
will be prepared for its conduct after the Gu rains in May to June.
81. As of 30 April, the balance of the United Nations trust fund in support
of AMISOM was $2.9 million. Of this, a total of $1.6 million is restricted by
donor Member States to specific purposes. UNSOS is engaging donors for the
purpose of removing these restrictions to make the funds available for
AMISOM priorities, including emoluments for the consultants and medical
liaison officers.
82. Following the United Nations, African Union and Uganda tripartite
Letter of Assist signed on 10 November 2019 for the deployment of four
military helicopters to AMISOM, and in order to ensure accountability and
transparency, the United Nations and the African Union jointly concluded two
pre-deployment visits to Uganda from 11 to 13 February and from 12 to 13
March to confirm the readiness of the aviation unit to deploy. Earlier, on 20
February, a delegation of the Uganda People’s Defence Force aviation unit,
led by the Joint Chief of Staff, inspected the facilities at Baledogle Camp,
where the crew will be based for their operations. When deployed, AMISOM
will have a total of seven military helicopters. UNSOS has made necessary
arrangements to support the deployment.
83. In response to the request by troop- and police-contributing countries
for increased training in management of contingent-owned equipment, selfsustainment and preparations for electoral security, UNSOS delivered training
to 18 Burundi National Defence Force officers (17 male and one female) in
Bujumbura on 9 and 10 March to enhance the efficiency of the troops in the
management of contingent-owned equipment.
84. There was limited progress in the joint AMISOM-UNSOS ‘forward
operating base wellness programme’, which aims at enhancing security and
facilities at 21 AMISOM forward operating bases. Poor road conditions
continue to hinder the delivery of mission-enabling units to 19 locations.
Meanwhile, field defence stores and other materiel were prepositioned in eight
forward operating bases, awaiting improved weather conditions to
recommence work.
85. With support from UNSOS, UNMAS continued to support AMISOM
security operations and stabilization efforts by providing advice, analysis,
training and mentoring on the use of specialized equipment, explosive
detection dogs, community liaison officers and explosive ordnance clearance
teams. From 5 February to 3 May, UNMAS delivered training to 2,715
AMISOM uniformed personnel to enhance their capability to find and destroy
IEDs, and to safely operate within the threat environment. UNMAS conducted
pre-deployment training sessions for 200 AMISOM troops in Uganda from 25
16
February to 2 April and for 310 AMISOM troops in Burundi from 5 March to
18 April. UNMAS contributed to the safety and security of strategic
infrastructure through the deployment of 21 teams working with 42 detection
dogs to conduct searches of 29,943 pieces of luggage, 112,711 vehicles, 252
buildings, 168,042 square metres of building areas and 10,372,197 square
metres of open areas throughout the sectors.
b. Support to Somalia National Armed Forces operations
86. In support of joint AMISOM and SNA operations in Lower Shabelle,
UNSOS supplied material for two forward operating bases to be constructed
in Janaale. Construction of the SNA logistics base with the AMISOM forward
operating base at KM50 was completed on 15 March.
87. The Head of UNSOS met with the new Chief of Defence Forces of
Somalia, Brigadier General Odawa Yusuf Rage, on 24 February in Mogadishu
and discussed the provision of logistics support to the SNA. UNSOS also
presented the Defence Forces with communication equipment to enhance
interoperability with AMISOM. The Chief of Defence observed that IEDs had
caused more fatalities to the SNA and the Somali population than bullets and
requested IED threat mitigation measures to be added to the United Nations
logistical support package.
88. In response to requests from the Federal Government, UNMAS
provided IED threat mitigation awareness to 192 SNA personnel (190 male
and two female) from 5 February to 25 April. In addition, UNMAS provided
explosive ordnance disposal and IED disposal refresher training for the SPF
explosive ordnance disposal teams in Cadaado and Baidoa from 2 to 6
February and from 16 to 20 February.
VIII. United Nations Presence in Somalia
89. United Nations entities continue to be present in the following
locations in Somalia: Baidoa, Beledweyne, Berbera, Boosaaso, Dhooble,
Dhuusamarreeb, Doolow, Gaalkacyo, Garoowe, Hargeysa, Jawhar, Kismaayo
and Mogadishu. As of 4 May, there were 370 international staff and 1,267
national staff deployed throughout Somalia.
90. The United Nations in Somalia continued to hold consultations with
the Federal Government to address the remaining challenges to the status of
mission agreement signed with the United Nations in 2014. In particular, the
denial of gratis visas and work permits to United Nations international
contractors and United Nations personnel not in possession of laissez-passer
remains unresolved.
91. In line with the United Nations global response to the COVID-19
pandemic, the United Nations in Somalia is developing and disseminating
communication on COVID-19. It is also providing technical assistance to the
Federal Government and federal member states in order to continue the
constitutional review process and preparations for the elections.
17
IX. Observations
92. The people of Somalia, as the rest of the world, are affected by the
unprecedented impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. I commend the Somali
authorities for their actions to prevent and respond to the pandemic, and for
their decision to extend additional resources from the Federal Government to
the federal member states for this purpose. I reiterate the full commitment of
the United Nations to working closely with Somalia in these efforts. In the
coming period, Somalia will need the continued support of the international
community to address the COVID-19 pandemic.
93. The pandemic has highlighted more than ever the need for Somalia’s
federal and state leaders to come together, in a spirit of unity and compromise,
to effectively address one of the most serious global challenge of our time.
There is no time to lose. I remain deeply concerned that, despite my previous
calls as well as the continued efforts of my Special Representative and the
international community, the relationship between the Federal Government
and some of the federal member states remains tense. I encourage President
Farmajo to revive a regular forum for Somalia’s leaders to discuss and move
forward on all national issues. I call on leaders of the federal member states to
respond positively to such steps, beginning with appointing representatives to
the secretariat that will prepare for a summit of federal and state leaders.
94. This is a critical period for the advancement of national priorities, chief
among them the holding of credible and timely “one person, one vote”
elections. The enactment of the Electoral Law is a signpost of the commitment
of the Somalis to national elections. I now urge swift action to formulate the
needed regulations to make the law implementable and for Parliament to adopt
the Amendments to the Political Parties Law. An implementable electoral
framework also requires the broad support of all federal member states,
political opposition and civil society. I am concerned that the Electoral Law
does not include a 30 per cent quota for women’s representation in Parliament.
I call on Somali authorities and stakeholders at all levels to ensure the
participation and representation of women and minorities in the electoral
process, including by enshrining this in relevant legal frameworks. Robust
electoral security planning is also crucial. I urge the National Electoral
Security Task Force to advance preparations aimed at securing the electoral
process, including by completing an assessment of securable areas.
95. I congratulate Somalia on reaching the decision point in the World
Bank and International Monetary Fund HIPC initiative. This is a significant
milestone that will allow Somalia to gain access to additional resources from
international financial institutions that can contribute to the delivery of longterm inclusive growth and to poverty reduction . It illustrates the commitment
of the Federal Government and the federal member states to achieving
progress despite continuing economic, political and security challenges. I urge
federal and state authorities to build on this positive step to strengthen their
cooperation in advancing national priorities.
96. I am deeply concerned about armed clashes in Jubbaland’s Gedo
region between federal and state forces which resulted in casualties and the
displacement of civilian populations. I call upon all actors to exercise restraint
18
and avoid actions that could spark further violence. It is essential that
cooperation and dialogue is restored between the Federal Government and the
Jubbaland authorities.
97. I deplore the clashes that took place in Galmudug on 27 and 28
February between the SNA and Ahlu Sunnah Wal Jama’a. Political differences
must not be addressed through violence. I am encouraged by the peaceful state
presidential transition on 12 April. Longer term stability requires that all
stakeholders work together to establish an inclusive administration.
98. The meeting between President Farmajo and “Somaliland” President
Bihi in Addis Ababa, is a positive step. I commend President Farmajo for
issuing a public statement acknowledging past human rights violations by the
Siad Barre regime, and President Bihi for accepting the gesture. I call upon
both leaders to build upon this engagement to improve relations and make
progress towards a resumption of the dialogue between Somalia and
“Somaliland”.
99. The COVID-19 pandemic has the potential to exacerbate Somalia’s
human rights challenges. In my briefing to the Security Council, I highlighted
some of the challenges witnessed in other countries, such as the rise in hate
speech and discrimination, and limits on the media, civic space, and freedom
of expression. As elsewhere, human rights have to be at the forefront of
Somalia’s response to the pandemic, with due attention to supporting the most
vulnerable people and groups. I also urge the Somali authorities to protect
freedom of expression, the bedrock of a democracy, and to ensure the physical
safety of journalists and their freedom from harassment and arbitrary arrests.
100. Somalia’s weak healthcare system lacks the capacities to respond to
the COVID-19 outbreak. A further spread of the virus would exacerbate the
dire humanitarian situation, where 30 per cent of the population is already in
need of assistance. Immediate, fast-tracked and flexible donor funding is
urgently required to respond to COVID-19 and to mitigate the health, social
and economic impacts . I applaud the swift actions taken by the Federal
Government to mitigate the threat and facilitate continued access for
emergency relief supplies. I urge Somalia’s neighbours and the wider
international community to maintain unimpeded access for health and
humanitarian personnel and cargo, as to facilitate essential assistance and
supplies into and within Somalia, including for United Nations and
nongovernmental shipments and personnel.
101. SNA and AMISOM operations in Lower Shabelle to recover the town
of Janaale from Al-Shabaab demonstrate progress on the transition. Further
generation in numbers and capacities in both the SNA and police is required
to secure recovered areas, facilitate stabilization activities and consolidate
gains. Progressive investment in robust and community policing alongside
effective delivery of justice will be crucial in preventing an Al-Shabaab
resurgence in recovered areas. I urge the Federal Government to extend
transition operations to other areas and accelerate its force generation and
security sector reforms, together with the federal member states, with the
support and coordination of AMISOM and international partners.
19
102. Strengthening the IED threat mitigation capabilities of Somali security
forces implementing the Transition Plan is key to enable them to protect
themselves and better prevent harm to civilians and critical infrastructure, as
they gradually assume security responsibilities from AMISOM. I call upon
Member States to contribute to the AMISOM and SNA trust funds and to
allow more flexible use of their contributions.
103. I strongly condemn Al-Shabaab attacks, which disproportionately
impact civilians and note the evolving threat posed by the group. Mortar
attacks targeting the United Nations and AMISOM facilities in Mogadishu are
also unacceptable and a matter of grave concern. I call on the Federal
Government to take all necessary measures, in coordination with the United
Nations in Somalia and AMISOM, to ensure the security of the international
presence, without which the United Nations cannot deliver on its mandate and
support to Somalia and its people.
104. I remain grateful to the African Union, the Intergovernmental
Authority on Development, the European Union, Member States, nongovernmental organizations and other partners for their continued support for
peacebuilding and state-building in Somalia. I pay tribute to the sacrifices of
AMISOM and Somali security forces in pursuit of peace and stability in the
country.
105. I thank my Special Representative, James Swan, and all United
Nations staff in Somalia for their continuing efforts and hard work in very
challenging conditions. Their security and welfare remain a top priority.
Baki
Dolo Bay
Wajir
Mahadday
Weym
Togwajaale
Berbera
Maydh Laasqoray
Qandala
Butyaalo
Hurdiyo
Dudo
Qardho
Taxeex
Iskushuban
Xudun
Gori Rit
Buuhoodle
Kiridh
Garadag
Oodweyne
Xamure
Beyra Seemade
Berdaale
War Galoh
Baxdo Mirsaale Mereer-Gur
Ceel Buur
Derri
Buulobarde
Tayeeglow
Balcad
Afgooye
Wanlaweyn Buurhakaba
Diinsoor
Qoryooley
Haaway
Jilib
Afmadow
Bilis Qooqaani
Luuq
El Beru Hagia
Baardheere
Werder
Shilabo
K’ebri Dahar
Degeh Bur
Gode
Hargele
Imi
Megalo
Asayita
Nazret
Dire Dawa
Jijiga
Dikhil
Garsen
Harer
Ferfer
Bu’aale
Hargeysa
Burco
(Burao)
Baki
Ceerigaabo (Erigavo)
Garoowe
Gaalkacyo (Galcaio)
Dhuusamarreeb
(Dusa Marreb)
Beledweyne
Xuddur
(Oddur)
Garbahaarrey Baydhabo
(Baidoa)
Laascaanood
Boorama
GEDO
BAY
BAKOOL
HIRAAN
GALGUDUUD
MUDUG
NUGAAL
SOOL
AWDAL BARI
SANAAG
TOGDHEER
WOQOOYI
GALBEED
SHABELLE
HOOSE
JUBA
HOOSE
JUBA
DHEXE
DJIBOUTI
KENYA
Karkaar Mountains
Silil
Der
Dahot
Darro
Jace el
Eyl
Webi Shabeelle
Webi Jubba
Boorama
Dolo Bay
Wajir
Cadale
Mahadday
Weym
Saylac
Togwajaale
Bullaxaar Berbera
Karin Xiis Maydh Laasqoray
Qandala
Butyaalo
Bandar Murcaayo
Caluula Breeda
Bargaal
Hurdiyo
Xaafuun
Bandarbeyla Dudo
Qardho
Taleex
Iskushuban
Xudun
Gori Rit
Buuhoodle
Kiridh
Garadag
Oodweyne
Eyl
Garacad
Xamure
Beyra Seemade
Berdaale
War Galoh
Mirsaale Hilalaya
Hobyo
Baxdo
Mereer-Gur
Ceel Buur
Xarardheere
Derri
Buulobarde Ceeldheere Tayeeglow
Ceel Huur
Balcad
Afgooye
Wanlaweyn Buurhakaba
Diinsoor
Qoryooley
Baraawe
Haaway
Jilib
Jamaame
Afmadow
Bilis Qooqaani
Luuq
El Beru Hagia
Buur Gaabo
Baardheere
Werder
Shilabo
K’ebri Dahar
Degeh Bur
Gode
Hargele
Imi
Megalo
Asayita
Nazret
Dire Dawa
Jijiga
Dikhil
Garsen Lamu
Harer
Ferfer
Bu’aale
Hargeysa
Burco
(Burao)
Baki
Ceerigaabo (Erigavo)
Boosaaso
(Bender Cassim)
Garoowe
Gaalkacyo (Galcaio)
Dhuusamarreeb
(Dusa Marreb)
Beledweyne
Xuddur
(Oddur)
Garbahaarrey Baydhabo
(Baidoa)
Marka (Merca)
Jawhar (Giohar)
Kismaayo (Chisimayu)
Laascaanood
Boorama
Muqdisho (Mogadishu)
Djibouti
GEDO
BAY
BAKOOL
HIRAAN
GALGUDUUD
MUDUG
NUGAAL
SOOL
AWDAL BARI
SANAAG
TOGDHEER
WOQOOYI
GALBEED
SHABELLE
DHEXE
BANADIR SHABELLE
HOOSE
JUBA
HOOSE
JUBA
DHEXE
ETHIOPIA
DJIBOUTI
KENYA
Raas Maskan Raas
Khansiir
Raas
Surud
Gees Gwardafuy
Raas
Binna
Raas
Xaafuun
Raas
Gabbac
Raas
Kaambooni
Isole
Giuba
Karkaar Mountains
GULF OF ADEN
INDIAN OCEAN
Silil
Der
Dahot
Darro
Jace el
Eyl
Webi Shabeelle
Webi Jubba
SOMALIA
Department of Field Support
Cartographic Section
Map No. 3690 Rev. 10.2 UNITED NATIONS
May 2014
The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map
do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.
SOMALIA
0
0
100 200 km
50
50 150
100 mi
National capital
Regional capital
Town, village
Airport
International boundary
Regional boundary
Undetermined boundary
Main road
Track
Railroad
– –
